HISTORY OF SCIENCE

HISTORY OF SCIENCE

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nature of mathematics

Nature of Mathematics 

Keynotes:

• Introduction
• What is Mathematics?
• Definition
• Mathematics in student's view
• Material
• Abstractness
• Deductive logic
• Searching for relation
• Pattern
• Validation
• Drawing conclusion
• Important sites of the topic
• Overall View

Introduction:

"Mathematics is not only real, but it is the only reality"  

— Martin Gardner

Mathematics is one of the most important topics in the school curriculum. So, There is a need for a clear idea about the nature and nature of mathematical calculations. Most of the teachers use mathematics as an instrument for solving problems related to science, trade, industry, history, and geography.
The internal structure of mathematics is based on arguments. The gradation of mathematical calculation involves two needs-a social demand related to daily living and the other is a biological demand which is also evidence of rational thinking. Mathematics is a subject from which the role of a unique instrument to comprehend the many sources, theorem and their application techniques, and to which knowledge is related to other.

What is mathematics?

According to Wikipedia, ”Mathematics (from Greek μάθημα máthēma, "knowledge, study, learning") includes the study of such topics as quantity, structure, space, and change.”The word 'Mathema' means "teaching a thing." It is the teaching which is to learn, which we have to learn, which we give importance to learning in a natural way, that is, We can judge, analyze, argue, etc. These qualities are in mathematical calculation. With the help of some ancient countries, some countries were able to contribute their thinking to mathematics as they were able to love mathematics while emphasizing.

Definition:

As mathematics is a logical language, so, we cannot appropriately define mathematics. But, some of the philosophers and scientists tried to define that term as follows,
Popular most scient Locke defined as "Mathematics is a way to settle in the mind of children a habit of reasoning".
According to Benjamin Peirel, "Mathematics in the science that draws the necessary conclusion".
According to Marshal H. stone, "Mathematics is the study of abstract system built of abstract elements. These elements are not Described in concrete fashion".

Mathematics in students’ view:

We, students, think that mathematics is a very tough subject. As mathematics is full of number and theory, proof. So, We have to prove all the problems. Mathematics cannot take any decision without proof. Also, as math is full of theory then we have to remind all the theory to do the math. When we started math, the number and the theory mix up. So, we think that it is the most difficult subject in the school curriculum. As above we can see that,

• The subject, mathematics is about the number.
• There has to be a 'mathematical brain' or has not in a human.
• Mathematics is very important.
• But, mathematics Dulles us and it is boring.
• It is not necessary.
• There is no use in real life.

Material:

Like other subjects, mathematics build on some parts. Now, we find the parts of mathematics. When we wanted to do math First we have to read the problem. For this, we need the mathematical sounds like. Equal to, subtract, the square root of, multiply etc. In this process, we have to introduce some of the symbols. The symbol makes the math easier. We also require the formulas to do the math. To apply the formula, there must be a mathematical idea in your mind to do it. we also have to prove some theory in mathematics. This means the theory is also an important part in the subject. To solve a problem, there is some boundedness. They are called policy. They are must be followed to do it which implies policy is also important in mathematics. 
Clearly, an independent language of mathematics is present.

So,  the organizational components of mathematics are:

• Mathematical sound
• Formula
• Theories
• Policy
• Symbol 
• Mathematical idea

Abstractness:

Mathematics is an abstract science. Although mathematics started with direct calculation and measurement efforts, as long as it is started to describe it is started to complicated. To understand the problem, we have to think imaginarily. There does not exist any perfect model or picture of it. It was not possible to publish the results of calculations and calculations in the picture. And mathematics did not become science until sign could be expressed to others. Each concept of mathematical ideas is abstract such as space, design, pattern, symbol etc. We can see that we do math like probability or geometry, we are drawing some types of abstract images. This is typically the only model to define the problems. It makes the problem easier to understand. In fact, when the thoughts related to space, there does not exist any limitation then it becomes endless. So, it is clear that mathematics has no limit of its thinking.

Deductive logic:

The main logic is defined on two component,'Yes' or 'No'. In real life, we going to argue on any discussion or problem, we need the logic. This logic can use to verify any formula or theory. Mathematics always need the proof. Without the proof, the theorem or the formula, all are meaningless. (As for example, we all know the great Indian Mathematician Ramanujan. When he is called by the Trinity College, Cambridge, he went the college to study the higher education. He also Tried to publish his theory in the mathematical journal. But when his professor G.H.Hardy saw his work, he appreciated his work. But, lack of the logic or proof, He thought like it is meaningless. He refused to publish it.)
Therefore, the main basis of mathematics is the introduction of arguments. We previously discussed the definition given by Ronald Brown. Clearly, the definition is directly related to the argument. In the subject based on agreement, the same thing has been said indirectly. In fact, there are some mathematical calculations through the process of reaching different conclusions from the axiom. Yes, this is right the result of the math remains the same in every way that you can do the mathematics.

"Mathematics is the mental activity which consists in one out of constructs."

Searching for Relations:

In the Oxford English Dictionary, the definition of mathematics is that mathematics is a science based on which spatial and numerical relations are determined and judged. Encyclopedia Britannica is defined math as the science of structure, layout, and relationship. The question of relations is a major issue everywhere. Whatever relation between the truth with the truth, amount with the amount, the place with the place, or the place with the amount, mathematics is the final decision. The different formulas, methods, and techniques of math are used to do it. 

For example, it can be said. Since the beginning of elementary mathematical education, the normal population form is 1, 2, 4. etc. It starts on the basis of a correlation of arithmetic progression, geometric progression), analytic geometry.

Pattern:

Mathematics has been considered as a science-related design. When we solve the problem in real analysis, geometry, LPP, we have to draw a picture that defines the problem. Not only patterns use to solve problems, but also the problem of the pattern can be solved by mathematics. Using probability and discrete mathematics,  we can solve any maze. Galileo also used the mathematics in his picture 'Monalisa' which can also consider as a pattern. Mathematics is also solving the pattern and maze of cosmos(cosmology).also of physics(like in circuit).A, b, c, d ... in such a number, a x c = b x d = c, then this relation is nothing but the design of variables. The most reliable way to express natural events is mathematics or mathematical models.

Validation:

Brown treated mathematics is a science of accuracy in his definition. if anyone wants to write any object what he wants, that cannot agree in the subject.for each of sentence, you must have justification to note down it. Else it is considered as an error. so, the desire of a person is not affected by the desire to math.

On the basis of logical decision-making, mathematical models are the basis for the decision of sociology. It can be applied in our life. The basis of mathematics is another reason for mathematics.

'Mathematics is not only real, but it is the only reality.' — Martin Gardner

Drawing Conclusions:

Clearly, Mathematics is the subject that is not proved on the basis of unimportant evolutionary logic. The scientist Benjamin Pierce told that "mathematics is the science of decision-making".

The great Indian mathematician of the ancient century, Aryabhatta said that "Mathematical is the supreme decider of the selection."From this, we can understand easily that the essential use of mathematics is to draw your thought or logic on paper. Also, in this way, we can realize to other about our thought graphically. After all of the calculation to solve a question, we reach a conclusion or decision. The decision probability is most accurate because the scientists themselves are not sure about the exception of the scientific decision. This decision is proven through the argument of mathematical formulas, it can be said that there is no exception or biased to it.

That means Mathematics identifies itself as science to reach conclusions.

Important sites of the topic:

Thus, we can summarize the discussion in the points,

• Mathematics is the science to apply the abstract thinking power of humans.
• The science about enabling the decision in the conflicting environment is known as mathematics.
• It is the science about numbers, symbol, dimensional size, speed etc.
• Mathematics is the science of formulating various topics, time.
• Based on the reflection of philosophical thinking, shaped development is the math.
• The basis of mathematics is firm, uncorrupted, unbiased, no error.
• There does not exist any place of a person's own felling.

Overall view:

The foundation of mathematics is firmly rooted by its accuracy, assurance, and its application. The importance of mathematics in the realization of science is undeniable. In addition to physical science, mathematics is being applied in augmentation and improvement of many other new science subjects including biology, geology, computer science. The role of mathematics gradually has expanded over many years to include many areas of application today. Based on the requirement the math is expanded in many subparts like networking, reasoning, cosmology, hydrostatics, biostatistics, ecological differential equations, behavioral sciences, systems analysis, operational research, linear programming, and model theory. etc. They are used in real life, industries, even in science like physics, chemistry. Then we can use math in any place as the problem solver. We also conclude that if we solve the real-life problem with math, then the difficulty of this subject can decrease and you can see the real beauty of mathematics.

'Mathematics is the door and key to the sciences.' — Roger Bacon

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relationship between subjects

relationship between subjects

This is the blog where it has been discussing the mutual relationship between all subjects and the overall view and the importance of the learning all subjects.

The mutual relationship between subjects:

“No subject is ever well understood and no art is intelligently practiced, if the light which the other studies are able to throw upon it is deliberately shut out.” – RAMONT

In this discussion, first of all, we know what is a correlation? Then, we know what is the importance of the study of the topic.Atlast, we know about "Mutual relationship between subjects".

keynotes:

1. Introduction
2. What is correlation?
3. Importance of the study
4. Relation between language and mathematics
5. Relation between mathematics and science
6. Relation between science and geography
7. Relation between geography and history
8. Relation between history and language
9. Conclusion.

Introduction:

The well-known philosopher Hilbert first introduced to the world about the idea of the mutual correlation of the teaching of various subjects or curriculum in educational purpose. On his view,

All knowledge  is one unit.

After many years, the philosopher Zillar emphasized this theory to get the ultimate view on the topics. Then, De Garmo and John Dewey gave the way how we can find the interrelation and integrates the various teaching subjects.
So, nowadays, correlating of the teaching of different subjects is considered highly essential. Knowledge is useful when it can be applied to day to day life and get the job of everyday life easier. On this view the mutual relationship of subjects with other subjects helps to know the ultimate knowledge, also it helps to solve the problems in everyday life as well as in education. It also helps to make the knowledge useful on board-based education and makes the knowledge useful.

What is correlation?

We all know that the term correlation used to define the connectedness or disconnectedness between the subjects. To define the correlation between some topic first we have to know all the main subjects and views about the topics. Then, we have to find the interconnection or disconnections of the topics.

Importance of the study of the topic:

The importance of the topic is as follows:

1. Mind retrieves knowledge a whole.
2. It helps to remind the old knowledge a is always link with old knowledge.
3. knowledge can be useful by interrelating them as when we face a problem it gives many ways to solve. Thus it is easy to facing and difficult one.
4. It helps a teacher to complete the curriculum in a short time period.
5. It also makes the study very easy and funny way.
6. it also helps to improve the mental abilities like imagination power, logical thinking etc.
7. It helps to achieve the unity of knowledge and can develop the interests in every subject. etc. 

Relation between language and mathematics:

Mathematics is called the language of sciences.     

 It is possible to view the relations between mathematics and human natural language or literature from different aspects.
    Language is towards determining and perceiving the phenomenal relations, yet mathematics attempts to display abstract relations. Where mathematics deals with abstract concepts, it has formed a world unique to itself and a language consists of symbols and belonging to this world.
    Since natural language and mathematics are closely akin to one another.
Italian astronomer and physicist Galileo Galilei is attributed with the quote,

"Mathematics is the language in which God has written the universe."

vocabulary, grammar, and syntax in Mathematics:

Mathematical expressions are written from left to right, even if the speaker's native language is written right to left or top to bottom.
vocabulary: The vocabulary of math draws from many different alphabets and includes symbols unique to math. A mathematical equation may be stated in words to form a sentence that has a noun and a verb, just like a sentence in a spoken language.as an example,

"7+1=8"

This equation can be stated as," seven added to one is equal to eight".

Breaking this down,noun in math include:

• Arabic numerals(6,7,8)
• variables(x,y,z)
• pi,omega,delta(𝚷,ɷ,𝜹)
• infinity(∞)
• expressions(√,∛,3x,5+x)
• imaginary numbers(i,-i)
• fraction(5/6,33/7)
• Diagrams or visual elements (circle,angle,triangle,tensor,matrix)

Verbs include symbols:

• Equalities  or inequalities (=,<,>)
• Actions such as addition, substractions ,multiplication and division(+.-,✕,➗)
• other operations(sin,cos,tan,sec)

     Mathematical grammar and syntax like vocabulary are interrelational. It does not matter what country you are from or what language you speak, the structure of mathematical language is the same.

Relation between mathematics and science:

In science:

• The credibility of the idea is confirmed through the experiment.
• If a new idea does not work in the lab then, we must reject the concept.
• if a new idea does work in the lab then, we can accept it.

In math:

• In math, an idea can only be accepted when a formal proof has been constructed.

We know that Proofs are to math and experiments re to science. There is very most beautiful relation between mathematics and science. Science generally uses mathematics as a tool to describe in its proofs. A few scientists like Galileo and Albert Einstein believe that the laws of the universe are mathematical. The relationship between science and mathematics is very complicated as well as very simple. In fact, all scientific equations re-expressed into some form of mathematical equations. for example, the famous energy equivalence equations, E=m*c^2.

      To give a simple answer, mathematics is typically used in science to provide a model. for example,

Newton's gravitational theory was thrown into doubt when plotting the path of planet Pluto.

Relation between science and geography:

Both subjects build upon one another and give each other a deeper purpose. Consider the following example,

A group of physical scientists has a very good knowledge of earthquakes. They know how earthquakes form, spread etc. However, this knowledge is not useful unless it can be applied. Knowing the geography of an area affected by an earthquake can greatly improve the scientists' ability to gather data, predict events and help with evacuation and recovery.

Relation between geography and history:

1. Geography is an areal science that deals with lands, oceans, atmosphere, people cultures and earth phenomena with reference to space and time.
2. Where history gives the study about the past with the help of written documents and places.
3. The relation between history and geography is especially close because they represent two fundamental dimensions of the same phenomenon."History views the human experience from the perspective of time, Geography forms the perspective of space."
4. History deals with the people's way of life in the past and present. Geography attempts o understand how the presence of a physical feature in a place has influenced the people's way of life.

Relation between history and language:

Literature or language reflects the history, the words in use at the time and the style of the decade. Books about was often given inside accounts, like "A Farewell to Arms", reports the events of world war I.The Bible is a literary work with important history lessons; it also a history book with excellent literary qualities.

From the book 'Ved', we can know the attitude, tradition, and culture of old Aryas.

Conclusion:

From the above discussion, we can see that every subject are interrelated or mutually dependent on each other. So, if we consider one subject for ultimate knowledge, then you have to know all the subject very clear. Also, by giving this topic demonstration, in the class, you can increase the students' interests in all subjects and they can understand all subjects in an easy way.

Hope you like the post "relationship between subjects".If you like the post, then do not forget to share the post with your friends who need some help. stay updated for some good content.

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Language as communication medium

Language as communication medium 

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SCIENCE PROJECT FOR PLANTS

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Recently, I read about the plants.So,I decided to give you the project called 'Science project for plants'.

This project 'science project for plants' contains the introduction and the various type of plants.Here is the over view of the project 'science project for plants'

We live on the earth where we need necessarily oxygen (unless we are aliens).

So,for photosynthesis we need the tree as well as plants..not only for this,for food and other things we have to give the life for plants.Now, we know what is the definition of plants?what are the number of plants..we give all your answer below...

According to Wikipedia,"Plants are mainly multicellular, predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plants."

This means,'plants' is a plural term and those whose cells are able to photosynthesis due to their genetic DNA module,are called plants.

Many years ago,the plants are treated as the  part of living things other animal where algae and fungi are included. But now,we all know that they are other kind.

There are 320 thousand spices of plants Can you imagine?Yes, that's true.And you know,the major part belongs to see plants,260-270 thousands.

Now,we are going to know the various type of plants.

There are mainly to type of plants

I)  Cryptogamme

II) Phanerogamme

Now,we know the meaning and the sub division of the types.First consider,Cryptogamme.

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